Update 2026: This page has been reviewed and updated to reflect the most current information available in 2026. The comparison covers updated benefits, costs, timelines, and key features of Golden Visa and citizenship-by-investment programs to help you choose the option best aligned with your goals.
More and more investors are considering relocation, tax flexibility, and second citizenship. In practice, however, they face a choice: apply for a Golden Visa or obtain a Golden Passport right away? Both options offer attractive prospects but differ in legal status, timeframes, budgets, and opportunities. A residence permit grants the right to stay in a country but does not always allow for visa-free travel or inheritance of the status. A passport means full citizenship, but comes with stricter requirements regarding the source of funds and personal reliability.
Our lawyers will help you compare the programs by duration, cost, and benefits, select a jurisdiction tailored to your goals, consider tax, visa, and family aspects, and guide you safely through the entire process from application to status acquisition.
What Is a Golden Visa: Essence and Who Can Apply
A Golden Visa is an immigration program that grants a residence permit to a foreign investor in exchange for an investment in the host country’s economy. Most often, this involves purchasing real estate, investing in government-approved funds, creating a business, or making a bank deposit.
Unlike citizenship-by-investment, a Golden Visa does not grant a passport immediately but offers the right to reside in the country legally, access local infrastructure (healthcare, education, banking), and become eligible for citizenship after several years of meeting residency requirements.
Some countries also allow applicants to apply for citizenship after 5–10 years of residence, provided they meet additional criteria such as language proficiency, permanent residence, and tax status.
Each country sets its own golden visa requirements, but most often, the investor must:
- Be over 18 years old and have no criminal record;
- Have a verified source of funds;
- Make an investment in an approved asset (real estate, fund, business);
- Comply with the minimum stay requirement (if applicable).
Some countries also request health insurance, proof of income, and confirmation of family relationships for including dependents.
Our team will help you choose the most suitable Golden Visa program, assist with document preparation, and ensure complete legal protection at every stage.
What Is a Golden Passport: A Fast Track to Citizenship
Citizenship by investment (CBI) is an official program through which a foreign investor can obtain citizenship directly, without first applying for a residence permit or residing in the country for a set number of years.
Unlike residence-by-investment programs, acquiring citizenship provides full legal status: a national passport, visa-free travel rights, the ability to pass citizenship on to children, and access to the medical, educational, and financial systems of the new jurisdiction.
Most passports granted under CBI programs allow visa-free entry to dozens of countries around the world. This is especially important for businesspeople and frequent travelers. In addition, second citizenship can serve as a safeguard against political and economic risks in the country of origin — a backup plan in times of crisis.
Many jurisdictions offering CBI programs provide a high level of banking and tax confidentiality, along with secure systems of property rights. Some countries do not tax worldwide income, which is particularly relevant for global investors and cryptocurrency holders.
These programs often cover spouses, children, and parents, ensuring a unified legal status and equal access to new opportunities for the entire family.
Let’s take a look at the most popular jurisdictions for obtaining citizenship by investment:
Caribbean Countries (St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Grenada)
These are the most well-known and affordable citizenship-by-investment programs. The minimum contribution starts at $100,000 (donation to a national development fund). An alternative option is purchasing real estate valued between $200,000–$400,000. Processing times range from 3 to 6 months. Visa-free access to over 140 countries, including the Schengen Area, the UK, and Singapore. No requirements for residency, language proficiency, or exams.
Vanuatu
The only country in Oceania with an active CBI program. A contribution to the state fund starts at $130,000. The passport can be obtained in 1–2 months. Visa-free access to over 90 countries.
Turkey
While not officially a citizenship-by-investment program, it functions as an expedited naturalization process. The primary route is real estate purchase from $400,000. Alternatives include a $500,000 bank deposit or establishing a business. The passport is issued within 3–6 months. Simplified visa procedures for the EU and eligibility to apply for a U.S. investor visa (E-2). Turkey allows dual citizenship.
Malta
A European passport with a strong international reputation. Malta’s investor route — citizenship for “exceptional services” through investments from €600,000 after at least 12 months of residence — was ended in 2025 after the EU Court of Justice ruled it contrary to EU law; only a discretionary merit-based route remains. An EU passport grants the right to live and work in any EU country and full access to the Schengen Area.
Where Is the Golden Visa Cheapest?
Let’s take a closer look at the cheapest golden visa countries in 2025, comparing minimum investment thresholds and providing an overview of jurisdictions where you can obtain residency with the lowest entry costs.
Greece
Greece was long the cheapest EU golden visa, with residency through real estate from €250,000. Under Law 5100/2024, the minimum is now €800,000 in Attica, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini and islands with more than 3,100 inhabitants, and €400,000 in other regions; €250,000 remains only for converting commercial buildings to residential use or restoring listed buildings. The property must be a single unit of at least 120 m², and short-term rental is not allowed. The residence permit is valid for 5 years and renewable, with no minimum stay required.
Latvia
Latvia remains one of the more affordable options in Europe: the main routes are real estate from €250,000 or a deposit of €280,000 in a Latvian bank for five years, with additional state fees. The residence permit is issued for five years and gives access to the Schengen area.
UAE
The UAE Golden Visa for real estate investors requires property of at least AED 2 million (about $545,000) and is issued for 5 or 10 years depending on the category. Key advantages: no personal income tax; high security and advanced financial infrastructure; flexible residency requirements.
Hungary
Hungary’s Guest Investor Programme, launched in 2024, offers a 10-year residence permit for an investment of at least €250,000 in units of a registered real estate fund or a donation of at least €1,000,000 to a Hungarian higher education institution. A direct real estate purchase route was removed before the programme opened. Hungary is part of the Schengen area.
Our legal team will help you choose the best country based on your budget, visa goals, and tax profile. We provide full support at every stage — from consultation to obtaining your residence card.
Who Should Choose a Golden Visa and Who Needs a Golden Passport
A Golden Visa is the ideal solution for those who want to live in Europe, benefit from EU infrastructure, invest in real estate or business, but are not ready to change their citizenship. This option allows for tax flexibility, avoids additional obligations, and still provides legal residence, the ability to do business, educate children, and eventually apply for citizenship. It is especially relevant for citizens of countries that do not recognize dual citizenship or for those wishing to maintain political neutrality.
A Golden Passport, on the other hand, is the right choice for individuals who need a fast-track solution — obtaining a new internationally recognized passport within 3–12 months — and using it for visa-free travel, asset protection, and estate planning. This path is particularly suitable for citizens of countries with limited visa freedom, political instability, or high tax burdens. A second citizenship offers independence from the legal and political systems of one’s home country and provides legal protection in the face of geopolitical risks.
The choice between these two routes depends on your personal priorities. If flexibility is your key concern — go for the Golden Visa. If you seek full international status — choose the Golden Passport.
We Help You Choose the Right Program for Your Needs
Our legal team assists investors in selecting a program that truly aligns with their goals — with minimal risk and maximum benefit.
We begin with an in-depth consultation to analyze your objectives: whether you need enhanced mobility, relocation options, asset protection, or simplified access to international banking. Then we conduct a comparative analysis of available programs — evaluating budget, processing time, naturalization conditions, visa-free access to desired regions, and the potential to retain rights in your country of origin.
Special attention is given to tax implications and the reputation of each jurisdiction. We exclude countries with a high risk of visa waiver suspension, increased scrutiny, or non-recognition of dual citizenship. We carefully verify documentation, source of funds, and compliance with requirements to minimize the risk of rejection and streamline the process.
Every step is handled with full confidentiality, including submission through a trusted representative and communication with government authorities on your behalf.
We don’t offer one-size-fits-all solutions — we select the passport or visa that works specifically for your situation.
Contact us today to receive a secure, legally sound second citizenship strategy tailored to your goals.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice specific to your situation, please consult a qualified lawyer.